metonymy
Alexey Brodovitch designed this cover for Harper's Bazaar in 1940. He uses the butterfly itself as a symbol to stand in for the summertime while the overlapping of the butterfly and woman suggests summer fashion.
allegory
Peter Behrens created this poster in 1914 to suggest that design is a "humanizing social force" (Meggs, History of Graphic Design). The torch bearer stands in for Behrens, a designer, as a leader.
hyperbole
Herbert Bayer created this poster in 1943 to convince farmers of the need of their eggs during World War II
antithesis
Saul Bass created this logo for the film Man with the Golden Arm in 1955. The film is about a man recovering from a heroin addiction. The term "golden arm" intensifies the damage his arm has suffered from the addiction.
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